Deciding Between 2024 & 6061 Aluminum Alloys

Posted on February 5, 2020 by Agency Jet

When you are looking for a versatile metal, you’d be hard pressed to find one that is more versatile than aluminum. Thanks to its strength-to-weight ratio, it’s corrosion resistance, its machinability and other characteristics, aluminum is a prime choice for a myriad of applications.

Once more, aluminum is available in numerous alloys and products, such as plate, extruded bar, sheet, and even custom shapes. In this post, we are going to compare the differences and similarities of two alloys: 2024 aluminum and 6061 aluminum. With this knowledge, you’ll be able to distinguish which is more appropriate for your application. Before we explore attributes of specific aluminum alloys, let’s look at what these four-digit alloy designations mean.

Aluminum Alloy Classification

An alloy is defined as the combination of two or more metallic elements to form a metal. The purpose of alloying metal is most often to either give greater strength or corrosion resistance to the material. Depending on the additional elements, these additions can improve density, conductivity, workability and of course, material strength of the aluminum. In aluminum, the most common alloying elements are copper, magnesium, silicon, tin, and zinc. In aluminum, both wrought and cast alloys use identification systems as defined by The Aluminum Association. Cast alloys use a four to five-digit number that includes a decimal point. Whereas, wrought aluminum, like 6061, 7075, and 2024, use a four-digit number, which defines the alloying materials.

As previously stated, four-digit alloys like 2024 and 6061 are known as wrought aluminum alloys. The first digit in these four-digit classes identifies the principal alloying agent. For example, aluminum in the 2xxx series uses copper as the principal element. The addition of the copper adds strength to this series of alloys. The most common alloy series, the 6xxx series, utilizes both silicon and magnesium as the principal alloying elements. Aluminum alloys such as 6061 and 6063 are easy to machine, can be hardened, and are weldable. These characteristics are why the 6xxx series alloys are the most commonly used alloys.

Wrought 2024: Aluminum & Copper

Although 2024 aluminum is commonly formed into plate, it is also available in bars and shapes. Even though it’s susceptible to heat cracking and stress corrosion when it’s welded, 2024 has been a go-to alloy for the aerospace industry for more than 50 years. While you’ll find many 2xxx series on today’s aircraft, 2024 stands out for its versatility as you’ll find it on wing tension members, fuselages, panels and more.

How is 2024 aluminum used? Where 2024 aluminum plate truly shines is in its ability to resist metal fatigue. Metal fatigue is the weakening that occurs over time when metal is repeatedly exposed to load bearing or other forces. In the simplest terms, metal fatigue is when metal weakens after exposure to force. However, 2024 was the aluminum specifically crafted to maintain strength and performance even under repetitive and load bearing applications. Because 2027 can withstand numerous load bearing operations without being compromised, it is still considered incredibly reliable even by today’s standards. This copper aluminum alloy is still used in the manufacture of today’s aircraft and is responsible for keeping millions of passengers safe every year.

Wrought 6061: Aluminum, Magnesium, & Silicon

What is 6061 aluminum? At Howard Precision, we answer by saying that 6061 is the standard go-to aluminum for general purpose applications. This alloy is synonymous with versatility. This is evident in that fact that 6061 is used to produce sheet, plate, extruded shapes, and even custom aluminum shapes. This alloy is heat treatable and possesses fantastic corrosion resistance, formability, and weldability. Because of these characteristics, a variety of industries use 6061 for their parts and products. For example, the agriculture industry utilizes 6061 often for their electronics, storage tanks, pipework, hydraulic cylinders and more. This special alloy is also found in items such as scuba tanks, bicycle frames, fly fishing reels, automotive parts, and even flashlights.

Designated as a heat-treatable alloy, this means that 6061 can be significantly strengthened by heating and then cooling this metal. Aluminum alloys that can be strengthened in this manner include wrought alloys in the 2xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx series as well as cast alloys in the 2xx.0, 3xx.0, and 7xx.0 series. Although 6061 does not machine as well as 2024, it is still a great option for many machined parts applications that don’t require the highest level of strength.

What alloy should I choose for my application?

The best way to answer this question is by establishing your needs. Here are some topics to consider:

What is the end use of the part?
What machining process(es) will be used to make your parts?
Will this product be exposed to high amounts of water?
How much machining is required?
Will this part be exposed to forces or stresses?
Will there be any exposed surfaces?

Why choose Howard Precision Metals?

We’ve been in business since 1928 and we know aluminum better than anyone. Why? We are a 100% aluminum distributor and saw house. Not only do we have extensive on-hand inventory, but it is 100% aluminum and includes 2024 aluminum plate,6061 aluminum plate, cast tool and jig plate, 6061 aluminum extrusions, and more. In addition to our impressive inventory, we also pride ourselves in producing the best saw cut aluminum pieces. With our custom-built, high-speed precision plate saws, we offer tolerances as tight as ±.005” and include a squareness guarantee.

Not only do we have the stock and the equipment to meet your aluminum needs, we have a knowledgeable, customer-focused staff who puts the priority of our customers first every time. We truly get to know you and your needs. By creating partnerships with our customers, we can all grow together.

To learn more about our products and services, get a quote, or simply to learn more about Howard Precision Metals, call us at (800) 444-0311 or leave us a note on our contact form today.

What Type of Aluminum Bar Do I Need for My Application?

Posted on January 15, 2020 by Agency Jet

When it comes to defining a versatile metal, you have no choice but to consider aluminum. Aluminum exhibits supreme durability, machinability and usability all at lower costs than most other metals out there. You may be asking yourself, “What type of aluminum bar do I need for my application?” or “What is the best type of aluminum bar to ensure the long-term benefits of my application?” This blog is here to answer those questions. First, we’ll identify the benefits of aluminum bar. Then, we will further expand on each available profile shape. Finally, we will explore our precision sawing capabilities. Hopefully, all this information will be helpful in sourcing your aluminum needs from Howard Precision Metals.

What Are the Benefits of Aluminum?

Aluminum is one of the most readily available metals. In addition, this metal exhibits properties that make it an excellent choice for producing extruded aluminum bar. Here’s why:

Strength-to-weight ratio: Aluminum is considered to have one of the best strength-to-weight ratios out there because even though it is extremely light it can also be counted on for its durability. This fact is why the automotive industry relies on aluminum to keep their passengers safe in the event of a crash.
Machinability: Because of how light it is, aluminum is easily machined and formed into almost any shape imaginable. The drawback is that you need to ensure you’re working with a company who has experienced machinists working with this precious metal as inexperienced workers can lead to inaccurate cuts or poor handling. Because of its ability to be shaped so effectively and its cost-effectiveness, industries like medical, food, beverage and marine rely on this metal for their products.
Corrosion resistance: There’s a reason why aluminum is chosen over steel in a variety of industrial applications. It is highly resistant to corrosion because of its natural oxidizing coating that forms on its surface. The boating industry uses aluminum in their hulls for this very reason. The versatility doesn’t stop there however. It can also be treated with lacquering, anodizing, painting or other treatments to lower the corrosion potential even more so.
Availability: Aluminum is the third most abundant element on Earth, right behind Oxygen and Silicon. Not only is it readily available but it has a rare ability to be recycled into itself infinitely, without losing any of its properties. Because of this, aluminum is seen, by many, as a “green” metal.

What Types of Aluminum Bar Shapes Can You Get?

Aluminum bar shapes are available in a wide variety of standard shapes, including round bar, rectangle bar, manifold bar, hex bars and even tubing and pipe. If that isn’t enough, custom shapes, hollows, and profiles can be made. The possibilities are nearly limitless! When you consider available tolerances, dimensions and pounds per feet, this product line can seem overwhelming. And, without a helpful guide, it might be easy to get a little lost. That’s where we can help. At Howard Precision Metals, aluminum is all we do. Since we are known for our outstanding customer service, rest assured that we will help you find the best aluminum shape to fit your application.

Our available aluminum bar products include:

Aluminum Round Bar

We supply only the highest quality aluminum at Howard Precision Metals because we work with the most knowledgeable aluminum extrusion mills in the industry. Our precision aluminum round bar reflects our dedication to providing quality services and products. Our stock is often ready to ship the same day or the following day. Our aluminum round bar is primarily sourced from two domestic mills: Kaiser’s Select Precision Rod® and Hydro’s ACC-U-ROD™. Because of these mills’ strict quality control standards, our clients receive only the best aluminum round bar. Some industries that purchase our precision round bars are the railroad industry, aerospace industry, and trucking industry.

Aluminum Square Bar

Our on-hand inventory of aluminum bar products includes aluminum square bar. We carry sizes as small as .25″ and as large as 6.0″ square. All of our stock that is .875″ and larger is produced to plus side only tolerances, and to manifold quality specifications. If you’re in the aerospace, construction, medical or automotive industry and need aluminum square bar, then look no further. Let one of our talented sales professionals assist you in your aluminum square sourcing.

Aluminum Rectangle Bar

Also known as flat bar, the rectangular bar that we stock is made from alloy 6061. Considered by many as the ‘general purpose” alloy, 6061 is used in a multitude of industries like industrial, aerospace, medical, automotive, marine and more. Our aluminum rectangle bar availability consists of sizes as small as .250″ x .500″ and up through 6.0″ x 8.0″. Like the square bar items previously mentioned, nearly all rectangular sizes with a dimension over 1.0″ are produced to the manifold quality specifications and extruded on the plus side only. Not only can we fill a multitude of stock orders from our robust, on-hand inventory, but we can also order specialty lengths, large quantities, alternate alloys and tempers, and even supply custom designed profiles.

What is ACC-U-BAR™ or Manifold Aluminum Bar?

If you’re looking for consistency, a low setup time, and improved machinability, this bar is the type for you. Produced in sizes beginning in .875″ square and up to 6.0″ x 8.0″ rectangles, these bars are on the beefier end of our inventory. For a bar to be considered “manifold quality”, the flatness, twist, and straightness tolerances exceed Aluminum Association tolerances. Though manifold quality aluminum bars are available in plus or minus dimensional tolerances, it is the standard practice of Howard Precision Metals to offer our manifold quality aluminum bar items as extruded to the plus side only. Here at HPM, we stock primarily two domestic mill sources. First, we inventory Hydro’s (formerly SAPA) ACC-U-BAR™ products, which are their trademarked name for manifold quality bar. In addition, we stock Kaiser’s non-trademarked manifold quality bar. Because of the previously mentioned tolerance improvements, both ACC-U-BAR™ and manifold bar are used in many applications. These products can be found in fixturing devices, hydraulic and pneumatic devices, machinery, and so much more.

Precision Sawing of Aluminum Bar

Our state-of-the-art facility is recognized as one of the best in the Midwest and we’ve been in business 90+ years. We achieve tolerances as close as +/-.005″ on our extrusion sawing and as close as +.030/-000 for our band saw cuts. Because we use only the highest quality aluminum and custom-built saws, we yield precision results. Every time. If you need cut-to-length aluminum bar pieces, we have you covered.

Why choose Howard Precision Metals

We haven’t been in business for over 90 years by accident. We’ve consistently gone above and beyond for our clients providing only the highest quality goods and services. Have you seen what we saw? ® If you haven’t, then maybe you should consider giving us a call today at 888.944.9400. To learn about how our aluminum can best serve your application or leave us a message fill out our contact form.

What Is an Aluminum Extrusion and What Are Aluminum Extrusions Used For?

Posted on December 31, 2019 by Agency Jet

The aluminum extrusion technique is employed with various types of aluminum alloys for the development of particular cross-sectional shapes for certain applications. This process of extrusion utilizes the characteristics of the aluminum metal. Specifically, aluminum has considerable malleability. As a result, it is easily formed, machined, and cast. Aluminum also only has a density one-third that of steel. Products of aluminum extrusion shapes have considerable stability and strength, particularly when they are alloyed with other metals such as magnesium and silicon. As a 100% aluminum distributor, Howard Precision Metals has become well-known not only as a premier aluminum extrusion supplier , but also for providing the best in aluminum plate and sheet products, too.

Aluminum Extrusion Offers Design Advantages

The extrusion process is a cost-effective way to create a wide-range of custom metal shapes. By forcing heated through a die, aluminum extrusions are created. The process of aluminum extrusion is simple. However, the range of shapes that can be produced by extrusion is quite complex. Aluminum extrusions can include such cost-saving features as tongue and groove, self-tapping screw slots, snap, press, and sliding fit. Because new shapes can be ordered, tooled, produced, and delivered in as little as 12 weeks, aluminum extrusions are an attractive way to save time and money in the manufacturing process.

Aluminum Extrusion is Economical

Stock aluminum extrusions are normally cost-effective and competitive in comparison to other forms of metal developed through manufacturing processes. However, custom aluminum extrusions are appropriate when the component produced consists of a complex cross-section or has a non-standard sized dimension. There is a virtually endless potential of design possibilities with the aluminum extrusions. The process allows greater simplification and economy in the production of a large number of end products.

Transportation and Automobile Industries

There are many applications in the transportation industry in which the lighter weight possessed by aluminum is very beneficial. Aluminum extrusions are used for the manufacture of products such as panels, engine blocks, roof rails, transmission housings, chassis of cars, trucks, and boats. In addition, aluminum is used to make other parts, including bodies, of vehicles. Because aluminum has a high strength-to-weight ratio, aluminum extrusions are commonly used, instead of steel, to produce structural elements of lighter weight vehicles. This high strength-to-weight ratio also enables vehicle manufacturers to improve on dent resistance. Because of aluminum’s lighter weight, body panels can be made thicker than with previous steel versions. Thus, more dent resistance is provided along with achieving a lighter overall vehicle weight. The lighter weight of aluminum vehicles also improves performance. Aluminum vehicles accelerate quicker, brake faster, and handle more nimbly. It is no wonder why aluminum has become so popular in vehicle manufacture.

Aluminum offers natural resistance to the environmental impact of moisture, corrosive forces from road salt, and temperature over the long-term. Aluminum extrusions are used to form various components in vehicles such as drive shafts, radiator enclosures, body and frame components, and cylinder liners.

Heat Conduction Applications

Aluminum material is very efficient at conducting heat and as such it is commonly used in computer heating and cooling devices, automobile radiators, electronics and visual/audio systems, condenser tubes, air conditioners, pharmaceutical fine units, and nuclear reactors.

Corrosion Resistant Applications

One of the optimum characteristics of aluminum is its natural corrosion resistance without the need for additional surface treatment. This characteristic is due to the presence of a natural thin protective film of aluminum oxide the metal possesses which adheres to its surface.

Construction Industry Applications

In the construction industry, extruded aluminum products are used extensively for various applications. For instance, shed and trailer construction often use lightweight extruded aluminum guide rails and paneling. In addition, aluminum extrusions are also used for elements in other, denser structures as well.

Architectural Applications

The various architectural applications that utilize aluminum extrusions include balustrades and railings, bleachers, and building façades. Canopies in which the structure must be lightweight but also stiff and handle loads also make use of stock aluminum extrusions. Because aluminum does not rust, extruded aluminum has an attractive uncoated look. Aluminum is also extremely popular for use in interior accents.

Elevator shafts, stairwells, and lighting fixtures all use various applications of extruded aluminum. Even though aluminum is generally not used to build the basic structural skeleton of a building, it can be used to reinforce the structure in a building’s interior. In addition, many areas of a building’s construction, such as plumbing, utilize extruded aluminum designs.

Non-magnetic Applications

Tubing made from extruded aluminum is used to house wires and coaxial cables due to its nonmagnetic characteristic. Extruded aluminum is highly useful for applications that involve magnetic fields, sensitive magnetic devices, or high voltage.

Display Equipment Applications

Many of exhibitions and trade shows utilize stands that are built with a certain amount of extruded aluminum material. Extruded aluminum sections can be designed and manufactured such that they interlock easily, making the process of assembly fast and simple. In addition, the products produced by extruded aluminum may be finished in various ways to achieve an attractive appearance which is important for marketing purposes.

Other examples of aluminum extrusions used for display equipment include display cabinets and point-of-sale displays.

Regardless of the particular application or industry involved, aluminum extrusions produced by aluminum extrusion companies are highly useful for the development of products that enable exceptional function and décor. An experienced aluminum metal supplier serving your area can help you achieve all of the benefits available through the aluminum extrusion process.

Do you have specific requirements that involve aluminum extrusion? If so, give our team at Howard Precision Metals a call today at 800.444.0311 to learn how we can help you with your aluminum product needs. Or, request a quote from our website.

Why LME & Midwest Spot Are Important Terms In the Aluminum Industry

Posted on December 4, 2019January 20, 2023 by Agency Jet

Let’s face it, the world runs on money. No matter your industry, the goal is always to buy low and sell high. The aluminum industry is no different. This post is going to focus on the important industry terms regarding how pricing in the aluminum industry works. We must start with where aluminum market pricing comes from: the London Metal Exchange.

The London Metal Exchange, or LME, is the world’s largest market on futures contracts and options for base and miscellaneous metals. What the New York Stock Exchange is to various companies around the world in terms of name recognition, the London Metal Exchange is the most important market exchange company in the world of metals. Not only does the LME offer contracts with daily expiry rates of up to three months for the trade date, weekly contracts up to six months of the trade date and monthly contracts up to 123 months of the trade date, it also offers worldwide reference pricing, hedging, allows for the option of cash trading and the option of physical delivery to settle contracts.

Recently the London Metal Exchange was purchased by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing for a price of £1.4 billion in 2012. However, the LME has a long running history. Let’s dive in.

How the London Metal Exchange Got Started

Though founded in 1877, the London Metal Exchange has origins going back all the way to 1571 when the Royal Exchange of London was opened. In a less structured environment than the LME sees today, trades were conducted in London coffee shops using drawn up chalk rings on the coffee shop floor.

While aluminum plays a big part on the LME now, that wasn’t always the case. Aluminum was first introduced to the London Metal Exchange for trades in 1978. Initially, copper was the only traded metal on the LME. By 1920, lead and zinc were added under an official trading status designation. After aluminum was added in ‘78, nickel followed in ‘79, tin in ‘89, aluminum alloy in ‘92, steel in 2008 and cobalt and molybdenum in 2010.

How Trading is Done on the LME

The London Metal Exchange uses ring trading through old methods like open-outcry, ring dealing members, and electronic trading. Open outcry is the oldest method of trading. This method involved shouting and the use of hand signals to communicate information regarding the buying and selling of orders. In fact, LME is the last exchange in all of Europe that still uses open-outcry trading as it is seen as archaic. Next, ring trading members are present in LME activity. These members hold the exclusive right to trade in the ring and are entitled to 24-hour inter-office trading. In addition, these members are authorized under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. Finally, electronic trading is also used by LME. This method now accounts for the majority of the total daily London Metal Exchange business transactions.

Why You Should Know What Midwest Spot Aluminum Is

In complete contrast to futures contracts, Midwest Spot Aluminum is a spot contract, which is essentially the immediate settlement of funds when buying or selling aluminum. Spot contracts account for most of the aluminum business transactions. While spot prices are immediate, they are largely dictated by the futures trading that happens on the LME.

Therefore, it’s important to understand the futures market even if you are using spot contracts to buy and sell aluminum. There are strategic advantages to buying aluminum at current prices and having delivery delayed. It saves on storage costs and mitigates efficiency killers.

Why is Midwest Spot Aluminum important to know about? Simply because Midwest Spot means specific aluminum prices for the Midwest region of the United States. Through careful monitoring of the LME charts available you can dictate current pricing and future forecast pricing for Midwest Spot Aluminum, which includes delivery of the aluminum to the Midwest region.

Why Howard Precision Should be Your Trusted Aluminum Distributor

Howard Precision Metals in the heart of the Midwest. Located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, we are one of the most trusted distributors. Because we are a 100% aluminum distributor, our team has the materials, the knowledge and most importantly, the experience to support whatever aluminum needs you may have.

Because we are a company that believes in forward thinking and entrepreneurship, we stack our aluminum against any competitor nationwide. Why? We have state-of-the-art, custom built precision sawing machines and more capacity that any other distributor here in the Midwest. We cut orders correctly the first time and we never miss a deadline. Because we only handle aluminum and nearly every order is a cut-to-size, we have the knowledge and experience to produce precision sawn parts with consistent repeatability.

Isn’t it time you partnered with a distributor who is dedicated to tailoring their products and services to better fit your business? For more information about our capabilities or to experience our world class customer service, give us a call at (800)-444-0311 or leave us a message on our contact form. We look forward to working with you!

Why You Should Choose Aluminum for Your Tooling Needs

Posted on November 13, 2019 by Agency Jet

When it comes to sourcing the appropriate materials for your tooling needs, you should consider the most versatile and abundant metal.

Aluminum.

History has proven that steel and aluminum are the two most often utilized metals in tool making. Before these two materials stood side by side, the consensus was that steel was the more appropriate option for industrial applications. Steel has always been synonymous for strength. However, today’s aluminum alloys have evolved into strong and durable alternatives. With aluminum’s preferred machinability, cost savings in the manufacturing process have swayed many toolmakers to seek out this awesome metal. What was once a secondary option in tool and die manufacturing, has now seated itself right next to steel as a top choice.

Benefits of Choosing Aluminum Instead of Steel

Why would you choose aluminum instead of steel in manufacturing? To answer, you must consider the technological improvements made to the production of aluminum alloys in addition to the number of specialty alloys now available. These improvements are why aluminum is a top choice for tool and die making.

First, it is well known that steel is a much harder material than aluminum. However, thanks to its workability and density aluminum is much easier to machine than steel. Therefore, aluminum increases productivity by decreasing machine time. On average, tool shops working with aluminum will see a 25% decrease in machining times as opposed to steel. This allows tool and die manufacturers to produce more orders, get orders out more quickly, and save on costs of labor and tool maintenance.

Though aluminum is more workable than steel, the lower density can prove to be a challenge to machinists accustomed to working with primarily steel. One major consideration for tool manufacturing is the experience and knowledge of the workman. Those who have a strong knowledge of only steel in the tool and die manufacturing process will likely struggle working with aluminum. Because aluminum’s properties are much different than steel’s, the manufacturing process varies dramatically. To ensure a quality product, it is vital that companies offer intense and thorough training for their toolmakers or hire those who already have aluminum machining experience.

In years past, aluminum was considered the “soft” metal. Therefore, tool and die manufacturers considered aluminum useful only as a prototype. This distinction tended to have it utilized in 500 production runs or less. The thought was to use the aluminum tooling for the prototype runs, then switch over to the steel tooling for all production runs. This was the case because many did not understand aluminum’s various alloys and their perspective properties. Simply not enough research had gone into using the metal properly for the tool and die making industry.

Today, aluminum alloys are robust in their mechanical properties. Due to availability of information on alloys and properties, many toolmakers are well versed in the characteristics of these alloys. With the option to use surface coatings and secondary processes to extend tool life, aluminum can be considered just as strong or stronger than its steel counterpart. Modern aluminum tools and dies are now able to withstand over 100,000 production shots. No longer is aluminum seen as the “prototype” metal. Today, it has become a prime material choice for tool and die manufacture.

Aluminum is versatile, long lasting, workable, and lightweight. When considering a metal for your tooling, consider the total costs. The workability of aluminum often outweighs the slightly higher, initial costs when compared to steel. For many tooling and die applications, aluminum fits the build.

Why Trust the Experts at Howard Precision Metals for Your Aluminum Needs?

There are a multitude of reasons why you can trust the professionals at Howard Precision Metals. However, you truly only need to know two.

Howard Precision Metals has been in the metals industry since 1928.
Aluminum is all we do.

We’ve built a tremendous reputation throughout the years as the premier aluminum supplier in the Midwest. Located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Howard Precision Metals works with only premium mill sources. We have learned that purchasing the best aluminum products yields consistent quality and precision results. That’s why we only purchase our aluminum from mill sources with a focus on quality products and on-time delivery.

Not only are our products top notch, we’ve risen the bar on aluminum saw finishes. Our high-speed, custom-built, precision aluminum saws are run by extremely knowledgeable and well-trained operators. Our professional operators and our proprietary equipment are our not-so-secret weapons. Combined, they result in our ability to achieve the smoothest finishes (as nice as 32 RMS) and tightest tolerances (as close as ±.005″) in the aluminum industry. When you need precision results, trust the company with precision right in the name.

Howard Precision Metals sets the standard for precision aluminum products. Because we have world class service, a highly-qualified and highly-skilled staff, and utilize state-of-the-art equipment, we are the aluminum experts. Let us fill your aluminum requirements.

HAVE YOU SEEN WHAT WE SAW?

Contact Howard Precision Metals today by giving us a call at 800.444.0311 or filling out our contact us form.

What Are Mic 6 Characteristics & Applications?

Posted on September 24, 2019 by Agency Jet

When you think of Mic 6 and its characteristics, the first thing that comes to mind is stability.

Machining Mic 6 is one of the most complex processes in the cast plate industry because it requires wealth of knowledge and commitment to quality in order to produce the stellar results expected of this alloy.

History of Mic 6

Fifty years ago, Mic 6 took the aluminum market by storm. Originally created by Alumax, Mic 6 was a response to the demand for aluminum plate requests to incorporate stability and tolerance improvements from what was on the market in the 1960s. The production and naming rights were sold to then Alcoa, now known as Arconic, some time later.

Alcoa (Arconic) went on a mission to heed the wishes of their audience and set out on a research and information gathering mission to truly decipher what they needed to produce. The voices were loud and in demand of an aluminum with improved flatness, tighter thickness tolerances, a pristine surface condition and, of course, better stability.

Now the hard part began: creating the aluminum cast plate that would become the gold standard today. Through much trial and error, Alcoa (Arconic) succeeded in creating Mic 6, an aluminum plate whose structure, thickness tolerances, surface condition and stability would have no equal for the next 50 years. Today, Mic 6 cast plate is still the mark in which all aluminum manufacturers hope to follow.

Machining Mic 6

The in-depth manufacturing process is complex. In fact, some could say is the most complex in the cast plate industry. It focuses on eliminating distortion from machining by casting the slabs to near net thicknesses to control end use temperature fluctuations. This results in a granular, stress-relieved structure and achieves this zero-distortion cast plate product.

Stress reduction offers consistency. While being machined, the plate-to-plate performance of MIC 6 is consistent. This stress reduction also reduces the risk of disrupting the material stability. Once more, each Mic 6 plate cast through this process, will go through impurity removal and SNIF degassing to improve metal cleanliness. The casting process also allows for precise control of dimensionality, downstream processing, and tolerances.

The Mic 6 casting process allows for extensive machining with minimal risk of distortion even under extensive metal removal. It’s this attention to detail in the process that allows for small, uniform chips to be produced and often exceeds the product accuracy requirements for various projects including this alloy. Because Mic 6 has such low residual stress levels, it can be considered one of the most stable alloys distributed by Howard Precision Metals.

MIC 6 Infographic

Specifics on Machining Mic 6

When it comes to machining Mic 6 there are multiple techniques that make up this complex process. Machining processes like horizontal milling, circular sawing, vertical milling and shaping and planing are all options to produce the highest quality aluminum pieces on the market today.

Here are some of the techniques that Mic 6 can be machined:

Horizontal Milling
If you’re looking to use horizontal milling to machine Mic 6, the advantages are that you can use straddle milling, edging, grooving and single tooth fly-cutting all efficiently and with minimal backlash. For the least amount of backlash, you can use climb-cutting.
Vertical Milling
Used for large surfaces, vertical milling employs facing and fly-cutters to surface the material, creating contours and cavities. If you’re unfamiliar with fly-cutting, it’s a similar technique to using a lathe.
Shaping and Planing
The slowest speed process of them all, shaping and planing is utilized to produce rough torn surfaces. To improve the finish, using an extreme raking angle is required. This allows for sufficient shearing action to the tool edge.
Circular Sawing
Because of the quality of the alloy, you’ll need a circular saw with chip breaker teeth or alternating slide rake teeth and use blade speeds at a minimum of 4575 meters per minute. It’s also important the teeth have up to a 45-degree rake angle for optimum finish.

Characteristics of Mic 6

The most well-known characteristic is Mic 6’s stability. However, it is also extremely level, horizontal, without lumps or indentations and has an amazing surface finish. With such control in the manufacturing process, Alcoa produces perfection. Every time. Flatness tolerances are calibrated by using a laser guided system. Plus, Arconic guarantees these tight tolerances in parent form and in cut pieces of the cast plate product. The manufacture of Mic 6 is something often replicated, but not easily duplicated, in the cast plate marketplace.

Mic 6 is the standard in cast tool and jig plate aluminum. Why? Because Arconic guarantees consistent quality and excellent performance. Mic 6 has made its way into a variety of industries like printing, food processing, CNC machining, aerospace, and automotive. Again, this is a direct result of stringent quality controls which result in the tightest cast tool and jig plate tolerances.

Summary

At Howard Precision Metals, we use custom sawing equipment, capable of operating at high speeds, and source only premium aluminum products. This enables us to consistently produce precision results. We only stock the very best aluminum plate and extruded bar products. By using the most state-of-the-art sawing equipment to cut our aluminum, the results are impeccable.

Howard Precision Metals has been in business for 90 years and is a state-of-the-art 100% aluminum service center. We are aluminum experts, especially when it comes to Mic 6. If you’re looking to use Mic 6 on your next project or need to discuss bulk shipping, please contact us today or request a quote.

What Is the Difference Between 6061 T651 and 7075 T651 Plate?

Posted on July 26, 2019April 8, 2020 by Agency Jet

Throughout the 1930s, there was an extremely high demand for lightweight materials to service the aircraft industry. Militaries around the world were in need of a metal for their aircraft that could extend the flight range, increase fuel efficiency and allow the aircraft to be more nimble in turns and intensive maneuvers. Nothing previous to 1935 had ever filled this void until 6061 was introduced that very year. The following year 7075 was developed by Japanese engineers at Sumitomo Metal Industries and soon these two aluminum alloys became the most popular and widely used in the world, going on to serve more and more industries outside of aircraft production.

What Are the Characteristics of 6061?

6061 aluminum is most known for its extreme durability, work-ability, machinability, and toughness. Not only that, but 6061 is naturally resistant to corrosion. It’s also quite popular for its versatility when it comes to applications spanning a myriad of industries. Because it is a wrought alloy and not a casting alloy, it can be rolled, forged or extruded into a variety of shapes like round bar, square bar, rectangular bar, sheet, or plate, just to name a few.

What Are the Characteristics of 7075?

7075 aluminum is best known for its strength. While not as corrosion resistant as 6061, 7075 uses zinc as its primary alloying element that allows this aluminum to compete with tensile strength of steel. It comes from the 7000 series of aluminum alloys which are known around the world for their durability and strength. While its strength is almost unmatched it is not as workable as 6061 and has a poor rating in that category. It also scores poorly in weldability and brazability. It has average corrosion resistance, not as great as 6061, and has fair machinability. To further enhance its strength, it is often heat treated, which allows it to be the superior choice in applications where you need extreme strength without adding a lot of weight.

6061 v 7075 infographic - Howard Precision Metals — This is an infographic comparing 6061 and 7075.

Common Applications for 6061 Aluminum

6061 aluminum is known as the “structural” aluminum because of its workability. Because it can be rolled, rounded, squared, extruded, forged or formed into plate, it has so many uses and is found in a variety of products large and small in the world today. One industry that uses high amounts of 6061 is the automotive industry. For fuel efficiency and cost savings, 6061 aluminum is used to provide superb strength into today’s vehicles. Weighing about one-third as much as steel, aluminum not only offers strength but increases performance and improves fuel economy. Another large industry, the modern aircraft industry, still relies heavily on 6061 T651 for its strength-to-weight ratio. Since it has excellent machinability, it is the perfect choice for welding and joining different components of the aircraft. While welding may reduce strength of 6061, the aluminum can be heat treated upon finishing the weld to restore its strength. Finally, 6061 is also an excellent choice for the marine industry due to its naturally high corrosion resistance. Though 6061 aluminum is highly resistant to corrosion, additional coatings, such as painting or powder coating, are necessary to provide complete protection against the forces of Mother Nature. When these additional coatings are applied to 6061, even seawater has virtually no corrosive effect. For this reason, this alloy has been featured in boat hulls, fishing equipment, marine firearms, scuba diving equipment, docks and moorings and so much more.

Common Applications for 7075 Aluminum

When steel is too heavy but an application still requires strength, 7075 T651 plate is the most common replacement. Alloy 7075 has a much superior strength-to-weight ratio that that of steel. With 196 kn-m/kg, 7075 has the high strength and lightweight properties required to serve a number of industries, most commonly aviation, automotive and firearms. In 1936, 7075 was the answer to questions like, “How do we improve fuel efficiency of our aircraft?” and “How do we lighten the aircraft while still keeping it strong enough to handle complex maneuvers?” Although 7075 doesn’t score as high in corrosion resistance as 6061, this alloy is extremely popular in the aerospace industry. Because it uses zinc as its primary alloying element, 7075 perform exceptionally well in high stress environments. Along with the aviation industry, it is also highly popular in the automotive industry for the same reasons 6061 is. It’s also a key component to many firearms made today, with 7075 being incorporated into the designs of M16’s, AR-15’s and a variety of handguns. Being a part of the 7000 aluminum series, there are an innumerable number of products where the aluminum alloy 7075 can be found today.

Why Choose Howard Precision Metals for Your 6061 T651 and 7075 T651 plate?

At Howard Precision Metals, we are an exclusive aluminum supplier that stocks 6061 aluminum plate and 7075 aluminum plate that is produced by the finest mill sources in the market. Along with our outstanding inventory, we have over 90 years of experience and are the premier aluminum supplier in the Midwestern United States today. Come see what it’s like to experience our unmatched customer service and support.

To find out more, learn more about us or request a quote with us today.

Aluminum Alloys for Mold Making

Posted on April 10, 2019October 3, 2022 by Agency Jet

The manufacturing process known as molding, or moulding, produces various parts by utilizing pliable material that is formed against a rigid form, known as a mold or matrix. With raw material, such as glass, amorphous metals, plastics, fiberglass resin, or rubber, filling the mold cavity, molds themselves can be made from material such as aluminum and even wood.

Aluminum alloys are a versatile, and cost-effective mold making material. Howard Precision Metals offers a wide range of aluminum products and extrusions for various industrial, manufacturing, and construction applications.

Blow Molding

Blow molding is a manufacturing process in which hollow shapes can be joined together. The parts, typically manufactured out of glass, plastic, and even amorphous (glassy) metals, can be made by one of three blow moulding processes such as extrusion blow molding, injection blow molding, and injection stretch blow molding. With glass blowing as the principle from which mold blowing is based, the molding process begins with a tube-like piece of plastic or glass with hole in the middle in which air can pass. This piece of raw material is referred to as a parison. First, the parison is inserted and secured into the mold. Then, air is blown into it, which forces the parison to take on the shape of the mold. Once the part is cooled and hardened, it is removed from the mold. Blow molding accounts for the mass production of plastic containers such as: soda bottles, take-out food containers, plastic cups, clam-shells, cosmetics containers, and many, many more.

Compression Molding

Compression molding is a manufacturing process well-suited for very large, basic shape parts, large and flat, or large and moderately curved parts like car fenders or rubber rain boots. This process begins with a pre-heated molding material, also know and a charge, being placed in an open, pre-heated mold cavity. Molding material can be in sheet, solid, or pellet form and is commonly fiberglass resin systems, rubber, and silicone. The mold then has a top force or plug member placed on top, which forces the charge into shape. The overflow material, known as flashes, is captured in overflow grooves. The parts are left in the mold until they are fully cooled and cured. Lastly, the parts are removed from the mold and the flashes are removed. Because this mold process wastes little material, compression molding is one of the most cost effective molding manufacturing processes.

Thermoforming

Thermoforming involves the heating of plastic sheet to a temperature that makes it pliable. The plastic is then formed to the mold’s shape by stretching into or onto a mold. Finally, the plastic is cooled to yield the finished shape. Both pressure forming and vacuum forming can be used to draw the sheet against the mold. These types of molds may be manufactured from aluminum or wood. Thin gauge thermoforming is primarily used in the manufacture of items such as plastic cups, lids, and containers whereas thermoforming can also be used to produce very thick material like dash panels and vehicle beds.

Rotational Molding

Rotational moulding, also known as rotomolding, is a process by which a heated hollow mold is filled with a charge of material. The hollow mold is then slowly rotated to allow the charge material to fully coat the walls of the mold. In order to avoid deformation of the part during the cooling process, the mold continues to rotate until the part has fully cured. This process is extensively used to create various types of plastic products with a seamless, hollow geometry. These parts may be as large as a tank designed to carry tens of thousands of gallons of liquid or as small as a ping-pong ball. Similar to compression molding, this method is also very cost effective as it produces little waste and excess material can often be re-used.

Aluminum Alloys in Mold Making

Various aluminum alloy plates that are effective for the manufacture of molds include Alpase’s M-1 and M-5 mold plates and PCP’s Max 5 mold plates. The considerations to be made when deciding on the right aluminum alloy for your mold application include the geometry of the part, the type of resin used, the cycle time, the quantity, and the durability of the finished product. Popular alloys utilized in the creation of molds include:

7075-T651 plate aluminum alloy delivers excellent strength
7050 aluminum alloy is used extensively for production blow molds, structural foam molds, and injection molds. The thickness of these molds is limited to 8 inches or less.
6061-T651 plate aluminum alloy is used in large blow molds, compression molds, and low-volume injection molds.
6013 aluminum alloy provides superb strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability with a decent level of machinability and hardness. It can be relied upon to produce runs in the several hundred to a few thousand range.
2024 aluminum alloy is used for blow or structural foam molding and is reliable for short production runs.
M-1 mold plate is an aluminum mold plate designed and developed specifically for the plastic and molding industries. It is an extraordinarily dense, dimensionally stable, high strength aluminum plate created especially for the growing high-temperature plastic and mold industries. M-1 lowers production costs through machinability advantages.
MAX 5 aluminum mold plate is a wonderful option for larger rubber and plastic mold applications. This alloy is available in thicknesses from 4.0” through 42.5” thick with a mill lead time for delivery.

As a 100% aluminum distributor located in the Midwest, Howard Precision Metals is your premier source for aluminum products and extrusions. Through the combination of resources, skills, and experience, Howard Precision Metals will help you achieve your project goals, whether in the hydraulic, building construction, aerospace, machinery manufacturing, or pneumatic industry sectors.

For more information about how the team at Howard Precision Metals can serve your aluminum alloy molding needs, call today at 800.444.0311 or request a quote on our website.

Conflict Minerals – Definition and Reporting Requirements for U.S. Companies

Posted on March 18, 2019 by Agency Jet

Raw materials or minerals that are mined from specific areas of the world, in which conflict is taking place, are referred to as conflict minerals. Specifically, these natural resources are mined, traded and/or sold in an effort to perpetuate war and violence in these areas of the world, also known as conflict zones. The four most prominent conflict minerals, as defined by the U.S. Conflict Minerals Law are: gold, wolframite (a source of tungsten), columbite-tantalum (metal ore from which tantalum is extracted), and cassiterite (ore used to produce tin). These four prominent metals are sometimes referred to as “3TG” or the “3T’s” and are all mined in the eastern portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Howard Precision Metals offers an extensive inventory of aluminum plate, aluminum sheet, and extruded aluminum shapes and is committed to avoiding the use of conflict minerals in any of the aluminum alloys supplied.

Conflict Materials (3TG) & Conflict Zones-Howard Precision Metals — Conflict Minerals are defined as raw materials or minerals that are mined from an area in the world in which there is conflict. Conflict zones, such as Uganda and Sudan, are generally run by war lords who use the mining of these minerals to perpetuate war and violence

Funding Source for the Warlords

The 3TG minerals are a significant source of capital for warlords who have been operating in and spreading violence throughout the DRC region for many years. Conflict minerals mined in this region can potentially move through a number of different locations in various neighboring countries as they are conveyed to processing centers, including Sudan, Central Africa Republic, Congo Republic, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Angola, Zambia, and Tanzania, before entering the supply chain. There is a potential for this to occur either with or without the knowledge of relevant parties through the mining or trading stage either in the DRC or another country along the supply chain. Supply chain partners in original equipment manufacturers cooperate to ensure vehicle production on a worldwide basis does not financially support the warlords or fuel the bloodshed in the DRC. Supply chain partners and original equipment manufacturers cooperate to ensure vehicle production on a worldwide basis does not financially support the warlords or fuel the bloodshed in the DRC.

U.S. Requires Reporting on the Use of Conflict Minerals

In 2010, federal law was passed that mandates U.S. listed companies to find out if their products contain at least one of four different minerals – tungsten, tin, tantalum, and gold – derived from Congo or one of nine surrounding countries.

The conflict materials provision, which is section 1502 of the U.S. Dodd Frank Act, attempts to sever the connections between violent and abusive armed groups and the lucrative minerals trade in eastern Congo. Under the provision, U.S. listed companies who are aware that they source minerals from the region are required to form checks, referred to as due diligence, on their supply chains in order to determine whether the purchases they have made of the areas minerals have financially benefited these armed groups. These companies are subsequently required to deliver a public report to the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) the U.S. regulator, on the steps they have conducted.

Howard Precision Metals is committed to completely avoid conflict minerals in all manufacturing processes. As the premier aluminum supplier and precision aluminum sawing source in the Midwest, the team at Howard Precision Metals has the know-how, resources, and experience to provide customers with the cast aluminum tool and jig plate, aluminum plate, and aluminum extrusion stock required for any project. With customers in various industry sectors including machinery manufacturing, aerospace, robotic automation, building construction, pneumatics, hydraulics, and medical, Howard Precision Metals is still “A Cut Above the Rest”.

For more information about how Howard Precision Metals can serve your specific aluminum requirements, call them today at 800.444.0311 or use the quote request form on HPM’s website.

The Best Aluminum Alloys for Machining

Posted on March 12, 2019October 3, 2022 by Agency Jet

The degree to which aluminum alloys are machinable hinges upon the mechanical properties as well as the machining processes used. Because aluminum chips easily and is easy to shape, aluminum alloys are considered more machinable than other metals like steel and titanium. Aluminum is abundant and cost effective. They are a great material to use in both prototype and production runs. Aluminum’s machinability results in prolonged tool life, which is a cost savings to manufacturers. At Howard Precision Metals, we offer an extensive range of aluminum products suitable for a wide range of machining applications.

Aluminum Extrusion Being Machined-Howard Precision Metals — Aluminum is available in a wide range of aluminum alloys that are classified under various series numbers. With each series containing vastly different mechanical and chemical properties, aluminum lends itself to many types of machining processes utilizing many tools, such as the lathe and drill seen in this picture.

Photo by Norbert Buduczki on Unsplash

Aluminum Alloy Applications

Because aluminum alloys are lightweight and machinable, they are used to manufacture a wide range of products. You’ll find aluminum in cell phones, machine parts, automobiles, kitchen utensils, and window frames. Depending on the series of aluminum, the machinability, strength, and hardness will vary a great deal. Keep reading to find out about aluminum series and alloys.

Characteristics of Aluminum Alloys

Aluminum, atomic number 13, is a soft metal that makes up about 8% of the contents of the Earth’s crust. The 3rd most abundant element, right after oxygen and silicon, aluminum is readily available. Because aluminum is a soft metal, different alloying elements are used to make aluminum plate, sheet, and bar products. Each alloying element added to aluminum changes the performance of the end product. The series of aluminum is what is used by the Aluminum Association to organize and define these alloys . The following classes of aluminum alloys have varying properties and characteristics. Each series lends itself to specific industries because of the performance of the alloys.

Aluminum Alloy Series 1xxx

This series consists of 99% pure aluminum with silicon and iron representing the majority of the alloying elements. the 1XXX series aluminum alloys are highly ductile. Because of this, these aluminum alloys are used mainly in the electrical and chemical industries. In addition to being highly form-able, this aluminum series offers excellent corrosion resistance and low mechanical properties. The high thermal and electrical conductivity, partnered with the excellent work-ability makes it a premier choice for electrical applications. Common products made from 1000 series aluminum include aluminum bus bars and heat sinks.

Aluminum Alloy Series 2xxx

Copper is the primary alloying element in this series. Thus, these alloys are also commonly referred to as “copper alloys”. These aluminum alloys possess excellent machinability. When heat-treated, these alloys have mechanical properties similar to, sometimes better than, mild steel. Corrosion resistance, weldability, and brazeability are all rated as poor for this series. However, strength is high and workability is good. Less corrosion resistance is present in these alloys when compared to other aluminum series, which is why cladding is sometimes utilized in 2xxx series aluminum sheet. At Howard Precision Metals, we stock a healthy selection of 2024-T351 plate. This alloy is a very popular choice in the aerospace industry, mainly in the home-build aircraft sector.

Aluminum Alloy Series 3xxx

With manganese as the primary alloying element, the 3xxx series of aluminum alloys possess excellent form-ability. Generally not heat-treated, 3000 alloys are used as general purpose alloys when work-ability and moderate strength are required.

Aluminum Alloy Series 4xxx

With silicon as the primary alloying element, these aluminum alloys have substantially lower melting points without resulting in brittleness. Because of this unique characteristic, 4xxx series are used in welding wire. These aluminum alloys also become dark grey when anodic oxide finishes are applied, which makes them appealing in a wide variety of architectural applications.

Aluminum Alloy Series 5xxx

The aluminum alloys in this series use magnesium and manganese as the primary alloying elements. The addition of these elements result in alloys with a high tensile strength and great form-ability. These alloys also possess good corrosion resistance. Hence, series 5000 aluminum alloys are used in transportation, bridges and marine applications.

Aluminum Alloy Series 6xxx

This series is arguably the most versatile of the aluminum alloy series. The 6xxx series alloys have silicon and magnesium as the principle alloying elements. These heat treated alloys possess good form-ability and corrosion resistance while offering medium strength. One of the most popular alloys in this series is 6061, which is available in sheet, plate, and extrusions. At Howard Precision Metals, we stock 6061-T651 plate and 6061-T6 sheet. This alloy and temper category has been heat treated and stretched for stress relieved. We also stock extrusions in 6061-T6 and 6061-T6511. 6061 aluminum, as well as other 6000 series aluminum alloys, are also used to produce custom aluminum extruded shapes. Because of the versatility of this series, you will find them in applications including architectural products, piping, electrical components, and consumer goods.

Aluminum Alloy Series 7xxx

Primarily known for strength, the 7xxx series aluminum alloys contain zinc as the primary alloying element while also containing copper, chromium, and magnesium. These heat treatable alloys are very high strength with only average machinability. One of the most popular alloys in this series is 7075. The wide range of available tempers of 7075 account for a vast array of mechanical properties. For example, 7075-T651 aluminum plate has a yield strength of 500 MPa and is heat treated. Whereas, 7075-O is not heat-treated and has a maximum yield strength of 140 MPa. 7075 is also known under additional trade names in the industry such as: Ergal, Fortal Constructal, and Zicral. This alloy is also commonly used for mold making. 7000 series mold alloys include but are not limited to: Contal, Alumould, and Hokotol. Common applications of this aluminum alloy series include marine, automotive, defense, and aviation.

Since 1928, Howard Precision Metals has been providing exceptional customer service. With a wide range of aluminum plate and extrusions available and in stock, the team at Howard Precision Metals easily serve the needs of various industries including: medical, aerospace, hydraulic, machinery manufacturing, pneumatic, robotic automation.

For more information, contact Howard Precision Metals today at 800.444.0311 or request a quote on our website.

Author: Agency Jet